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Investigating Biology Lab Manual (7th Edition)
by Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson, Judith Giles Morgan, M. Eloise Brown Carter (3)
New!: $124.60 $97.33 (as of 12/31/2012 07:45 PST)
92 Used! | New! from $48.68 (as of 12/31/2012 07:45 PST)
Reference
With its distinctive investigative approach to learning, this best-selling laboratory manual encourages?you to participate in the process of science and develop creative and critical reasoning skills.?You are invited to pose hypotheses, make predictions, conduct open-ended experiments, collect data, and apply the results to new problems. The Seventh Edition emphasizes connections to recurring themes in biology, including structure and function, unity and diversity, and the overarching theme of evolution. Select tables from the lab manual are provided in Excel? format in MasteringBiology? at www.masteringbiology.com, allowing you to record data directly on their computer, process data using statistical tests, create graphs, and be prepared to communicate your results in class discussions or reports.
Source: http://nicereference110.blogspot.com/2012/12/investigating-biology-lab-manual-7th.html
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Source: http://stapeltonrradele.typepad.com/blog/2013/01/reference-2015-investigating-biology-lab-manual-7th-edition.html
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It's often difficult to completely eliminate a bacterial infection with antibiotics; part of the population usually manages to survive. We've known about this phenomenon for quite some time, dating back nearly to the discovery of penicillin. For more than 50 years, scientists have believed that the resistant bacteria were individuals that had stopped growing and dividing.
Up to now, in fact, it hasn't been possible to track the growth of cells before and after their exposure to antibiotics, which makes any analysis of the phenomenon quite imprecise. "Using microfluidics, we can now observe every bacterium individually, instead of having to count a population," says John McKinney, director of EPFL's Microbiology and Microsystems Laboratory (LMIC).
Active survivors
This new tool has revealed quite a few surprises. "We thought that surviving bacteria made up a fixed population that stopped dividing, but instead we found that some of them continued to divide and others died. The persistent population is thus very dynamic, and the cells that constitute it are constantly changing ? even though the total number of cells remains the same. Because they're dividing, the bacteria can mutate and thus develop resistance in the presence of the antibiotic," explains LMIC scientist Neeraj Dhar.
This point is extremely important. "We were able to eliminate a purely genetic explanation of the phenomenon," continues Dhar. In other words, "a population of genetically identical bacteria consists of individuals with widely varying behavior. Some of them can adapt to stressors that they have not previously encountered, thanks to the selection of persistent individuals. This could lead to a revision of the entire theory of adaptation," says McKinney.
Intermittent efficiency
The EPFL scientists were particularly interested in a relative of the tuberculosis bacterium. Their observations enabled them to formally challenge the argument that persistent bacteria are those that have stopped growing and dividing. "We were able to reveal the role of an enzyme whose presence is necessary in order for the antibiotic to work, and show that the bacilli produced this enzyme in a pulsatile and random manner," explains Dhar. "Our measurements showed that bacterial death correlated more closely with the expression of this enzyme than with their growth factor." The research is being published this week in Science magazine.
These conclusions could mark the beginning of a new theory of bacterial resistance, or perhaps even introduce a new view of how such resistance evolves. Further research is being done using other microorganisms, such as tuberculosis and E. colibacteria. The persistence of some cancer cells to treatment could also be studied in a different manner. "It's a new approach for trying to figure out why some infections are so difficult to eliminate. The techniques we've developed for this study are now also being used to develop new antibiotics, in collaboration with pharmaceutical companies," says McKinney, adding that "it is the microengineering expertise at EPFL that has enabled us to create these innovative tools and open up new avenues for investigation."
###
Ecole Polytechnique F?d?rale de Lausanne: http://www.epfl.ch/index.en.html
Thanks to Ecole Polytechnique F?d?rale de Lausanne for this article.
This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.
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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/126133/Rethinking_bacterial_persistence_
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The first topic of 2013 comes from the blog, Brewers and Drinkers?.
?It always surprises me how many beer bloggers are out there, and how not all of them brew.
For me brewing was a natural progression from my interest in beer.
But as I?ve discovered more about brewing my enjoyment of beer has changed.
The more I learn the less I enjoy mediocre beers, knowing how easy they are to make. Similarly, great beers seem all the more impressive now.
Apart from this general change, I?ve also become a more analytical drinker. I try to identify flavours in a way that I never did before.
How did they get that biscuity malt flavour up front? Is that raisin? They overdid the bittering hops, didn?t they?
Brewers and Drinkers is about your relationship with beer and how it?s made. Do you brew? If so why? If not, why not? How does that affect your enjoyment of drinking beer??
When people learn that I am a not-so-famous beer blogger, I will inevitably be asked if I brew at home. I have two stock answers.
1. I have attempted and made some spectacular vinegar.
2. My wife hates the smells associated with beer being brewed so I refrain.
And as much as I push beer education and beer reading and flat out drinking as many beers as you can safely try in general practice, I do not think that you need to be an expert home brewer to either judge or enjoy craft beer expertly. You can coach a football team without playing a single down or be completely non-athletic and call the play-by-play of the game featuring multiple coaches who never strapped on a helmet. And I feel the exact same way about beer.
I, of course, can?t answer for the other side of the equation for the fine people who home brew and then order a sampler tray from a new brewery and wonder if it will stand up to their own standards. That may be a difficult circle to square.
But your relationship with the beer in front you should be one of discovery and open mindedness. If home brewing helps to create that state of mind then kudos to you. If it creates too many questions, then maybe it is a detriment. Think about the costumer who watches a movie and only notes what could have been done differently with that dress on the leading lady or that military uniform is too tight or frankly any other artisan who looks upon a piece of work that they did not do and picks out the negative first.
Now I will not over-generalize and say that every home brewer does that. My ?no data to back it up? guess is more beer snobs do it overall. But the point is that you should do your best to live in the moment with the pint of beer. That beer may be sub-standard and you may know exactly why and you may know how to fix it but drink the pint first and give a rounded critique from the aspect of a drinker first, home brewer second and then whatever other occupations after that. Because, as a member of the brewing fraternity, wouldn?t you want the same from the people drinking your beer?
I am reminded of what the comedian Patton Oswalt said about the Star Wars prequels in one of his stand-up routines, ?I don?t give a shit where the stuff I loves comes from. I just love the stuff I love. That is enough for me.?
Ultimately, I will take every brewery tour and read a book devoted to water and brewing but hand me a pint of Weird Beer from Smog City Brewing and all that important knowledge takes a back seat to the aroma, look and taste of the beer.
Tagged as: Brewers and Drinkers, home brewing, Session # 71, The Session
Source: http://www.beersearchparty.com/session-71/
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The state's mental health system is "fractured" and fails those with private insurance, according to a report released this week on the availability of mental health treatment to Connecticut residents.
"Findings and Recommendations: Access to?Mental Health and Substance Use Services" was released Wednesday by the state Office of the Healthcare Advocate and paints a dismal picture of the accessibility of services in Connecticut.
"Eight years after the Report of the Governor?s Blue Ribbon Commission on Mental Health, residents of?Connecticut still face significant barriers to access to preventive and treatment services for mental?health and substance use disorder in Connecticut," the report states. ? ?
"The tragedy of the mass shootings in Newtown, CT.?on Dec. 14, 2012, brings the need for such an effort into sharp relief," it states. "Health insurance coverage is?not a promise of coverage. ?
"Multiple state agencies with varying eligibility requirements provide services?and/or oversight for residents struggling with mental health and substance use disorders, but these?efforts are not well understood or coordinated as part of an overall vision for the state."
CT News Junkie reports that those with private insurance often find it more difficult to gain access to treatment than those who are uninsured or have public insurance because traditionally private insurance often does not incorporate mental health benefits.?
At a public hearing, parents testified that they weren't able to access the same level of services for their adult children with private insurance as were available to those on state insurance programs, the website reports. ?
In order to do so, those with private insurance had to go through public programs to receive the same services, according to the report. For example, private insurance won't cover in-home psychiatric services, according to?Dr. Laura Saunders, a child psychologist at the Institute of Living.
To gain those services, one must go through the?Department of Children and Families Voluntary Services division, she said.
Source: http://westport.patch.com/articles/report-state-mental-health-system-needs-fixing-fbdc2554
Jan. 2, 2013 ? A new study led by North Carolina researchers has found that when it comes to weight- and fat loss, aerobic training is better than resistance training. The study is believed to the largest randomized trial to directly compare changes in body composition induced by comparable amounts of time spent doing aerobic and resistant training, or both in combination, among previously inactive overweight or obese non-diabetic adults.
The study is entitled "Effects of aerobic and/or resistance training on body mass and fat mass in overweight or obese adults". It is published in the December 2012 edition of the Journal of Applied Physiology published by the American Physiological Society.
Methodology
A total of 234 previously sedentary overweight or obese males and females, age 18-70 years of age, were enrolled in one of three eight-month supervised protocols: aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT), or a combination (AT/RT). Of the total, 119 participants completed the trials and had complete data for the variables of interest in the article.
Those assigned to aerobic training exercised vigorously, at about 70-85% of maximum heart rate. They exercise approximately 45 minutes three days per week throughout the study period.
Individuals assigned to resistance training also exercised three days a week, completing three sets of 8-12 reps on eight resistance machines that targeted all major muscle groups. Resistance was increased throughout the study to maintain a steady level of challenge as the participants gained strength.
Individuals who were assigned to AT/RT performed all the exercises assigned to both AT and RT groups. At the end of study each enrollee was assessed for weight, body composition, waist circumference, cardiopulmonary fitness and strength compared to their baseline.
Key Findings and Conclusions
The researchers found:
? The groups assigned to aerobic training and aerobic plus resistance training lost more weight than those that did resistance training only. In fact, those who did resistance training only actually gained weight due to an increase in lean body mass.
? Fat mass and waist circumference significantly decreased in the AT and AT/RT groups, but were not altered in RT. However, measures of lean body mass significantly increased in RT and AT/RT, but not in AT. The finding suggest that aerobic exercise is more effective in reducing these measures.
? Lean body mass increased with both RT and AT/RT, but not AT. Having the benefit to of both modes of exercise allowed AT/RT to decrease body fat percent significantly more than either AT or RT due to decreased fat mass combined with increased lean body mass.
Importance of the Findings
According to Leslie H. Willis, an exercise physiologist at Duke University Medical Center and the study's lead author, "Given our observations, it may be time to seriously reconsider the conventional wisdom that resistance training alone can lead to weight and fat loss."
Willis added, "If increasing muscle mass and strength is a goal, then resistance training is required. However, the majority of Americans could experience health benefits due to weight and fat loss. The best option in that case, given limited time for exercise, is to focus on aerobic training. When you lose fat, it is likely you are losing visceral fat, which is known to be associated with cardiovascular and other health benefits."
In addition to Leslie Willis, the study was conducted by Cris A. Slentz, Lori A. Bateman, Lucy W. Piner, Connie W. Bales and William E. Kraus of the Duke University Medical Center; and Joseph A Hourmard and A. Tamlyn Shields of East Carolina University.
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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/MqKz_H-4sYo/130102172945.htm
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